PREFACE

Module 3 is designed to provide both first-stage researchers and recognised researchers, who have a solid understanding of qualitative research methods and designs. The module begins by offering a brief overview of the scientific research process, laying the foundation for deeper exploration. It outlines the stages of research, highlighting the differences between research paradigms, methods, techniques, and designs. The distinctions between quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research are explained to provide a clear framework for understanding the various approaches to research.

At the core of the module is a detailed explanation of qualitative research, which is distinguished by its focus on exploring the depth and complexity of human experiences, social phenomena, and individual perspectives. Unlike quantitative research, which focuses on measuring variables, qualitative research seeks to understand the meanings and interpretations behind human actions, thoughts, and interactions. The module delves into the use of qualitative theories, and offers guidance on how to develop meaningful and focused research questions.

Following the comprehensive explanation of research in general, and characteristics of qualitative research in particular, an in-depth exploration of the most commonly used qualitative research designs is provided. These include narrative research, grounded theory, phenomenology, participatory action research (PAR), ethnomethodology, historical study, and case studies. Each design is carefully explained, with a focus on its specific use to investigate a wide range of phenomena across various fields.

In the final chapter, the module introduces qualitative research methods – essential techniques for data collection. The reader is guided through different methods, such as observation, structured and unstructured interviews, focus groups, biographical research, and qualitative surveys. Understanding these methods is crucial for collecting and interpreting data effectively to generate valuable insights from qualitative research.

Each chapter is organised around clear learning objectives, thus ensuring that the reader gains a structured and thorough understanding of qualitative research. The knowledge and skills gained throughout the module will empower the reader to use qualitative research designs and methods in their own work, whether they are investigating human behavior, social trends, or historical events.

By the end of this module, the reader will have not only gained a theoretical understanding of qualitative research but also develop skills for using various designs and methods in their research endeavors. Whether in academic, professional, or practical contexts, the tools presented in this module will serve as valuable resources in conducting qualitative research.

This module is intended to inspire curiosity and equip the reader with the basic knowledge needed to further explore the rich and complex domain of qualitative research.