The most trusted way to gather dependable data on treatment or intervention effects is through experimental research, widely recognised as the top quantitative methodology. Amongst all research techniques, the randomised controlled trial is regarded as the epitome of evidence-based research. This is because experimental research is empowered by the ability to exercise control, which entails adhering to standardised protocols and minimising potential biases to eliminate inaccurate findings.
There exist various techniques for exerting control, including but not limited to
- the random selection of a sample,
- the application of inclusion/exclusion criteria,
- the use of a comparison group,
- the matching of subjects across groups,
- the manipulation of the independent variable,
- the implementation of single, double, or treble blinding procedures and
- the utilisation of precise measuring tools and standardised statistical tests in the final data analysis.
Quantitative research provides valuable insights into the larger population, allowing us to uncover the prevalence of attitudes held by individuals. It generates data that can be easily summarised into statistical figures, enabling comparisons between groups using statistics. It is highly accurate, conclusive, and consistent, quantifying the frequency of events, actions, and trends. This type of research is particularly useful when answering questions such as "How many?" and "How often?"(Walker, 2005).
Different research designs are available for quantitative measures, each with advantages and disadvantages. Experimental research may have certain methodological limitations that affect the precision and applicability of the research outcomes. These drawbacks can hinder the research's real-world significance.
