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Different tools like surveys, interviews, and observations can be utilized depending on the research method. Standardizing these tools is critical to ensure consistency (Bryman, 2016). Data collection can be divided into two types as primary and secondary data collection methods. While in primary data collection researchers collect data by themselves in secondary data collection, they use the data gathered from published sources. Thus, the secondary data already gathered by someone else for another reason, but these data can be used by other researchers in their researches (Taherdoost, 2021). In figure 8, main characteristics of primary and secondary data collection methods were given.
Figure 8 shows the key features of primary and secondary data collection methods. Primary data collection methods represent data collected directly by researchers, while secondary data collection methods refer to data collected previously.
