1.2.5. Ethics and Integrity

Maintaining ethical standards is non-negotiable in scientific writing. This includes transparent reporting of methods and results, giving due credit through citations, and obtaining necessary permissions for copyrighted material (Resnik, 2015). Ethical violations, which are currently one of the most problematic issues for the scientific community, not only harm the studies carried out, but also significantly damage the credibility and therefore the career of the researcher conducting the study. In this regard, compliance with ethical principles in scientific research is an important issue that researchers should pay careful attention to.

In scientific research ethics, researchers must adhere to a series of important ethical standards. Compliance with ethical standards enhances the credibility of researchers, improves the quality of their research, maintains the integrity of the scientific community, and ultimately provides reliable information to society. Here are some key points they need to pay attention to:

• Transparency and Accuracy: It is essential to transparently report the methods and findings of the research and present them accurately. Data manipulation should be avoided, and the results should be realistically reflected.
• Copyright and Citation: Proper credit should be given when quoting from other works. Permissions required for the use of copyrighted materials should be obtained.
• Human and Animal Experiments: Ethical standards must be followed in experiments conducted on humans or animals. This includes obtaining informed consent from participants.
• Data Management: It is important to manage data in an orderly and secure manner. The confidentiality of sensitive data should be maintained, and it should be accessible when necessary.
• Conflict of Interest: Researchers should clearly disclose any conflicts of interest related to their studies and take measures to minimize the impact of these conflicts on the results.
• Plagiarism: Respect should be shown for the ideas and works of other researchers, and forms of plagiarism such as plagiarism should be avoided.

The ethical standards mentioned above can be obtained from a wide range of sources, and these principles are generally accepted practices in the scientific community. These ethical standards are generally considered as principles of scientific research ethics and are often included in the ethical rules of various research institutions, universities, and scientific publishing organizations. Additionally, these principles can be detailed in scientific publications, research guidelines, and ethical codes. For example, organizations such as the American Psychological Association (APA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) provide guidance and policies on scientific research ethics. Moreover, the publication rules of scientific journals often include these ethical principles, and authors are required to follow these principles.